The World Wide Web
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چکیده
Introduction The World Wide Web (hereafter simply referred to as the Web) is a large-scale digital compendium of information that covers practically every sphere of human interest and endeavour. For this reason it should come as no surprise that the Web has been an important focus of attention for the epistemological community. To date, search engines (Heintz, 2006; Miller & Record, 2013; Simpson, 2012), Wikipedia (Coady, 2012; Fallis, 2008, 2011) and the blogosphere (Coady, 2012; Goldman, 2008) have all been the targets of epistemological debate and discussion. A range of other important systems, however, seems to have fallen beneath the philosophical radar. These systems include microblogging platforms, (e.g., Twitter), social networking sites (e.g., Facebook), citizen science projects (e.g. Galaxy Zoo), and human computation systems (e.g., Foldit). All of these systems are of potential relevance to our individual and collective epistemic endeavours. One of the aims of this chapter is to introduce the reader to these systems and highlight their relevance to applied epistemology. A second aim is to review existing epistemological analyses of the Web, and, where necessary, point out problems with the philosophical narrative. A third, and final, objective is to highlight areas where the interests of epistemologists (both theoretical and applied) may be seen to overlap with the interests of those who seek to understand and engineer the Web. One of the outcomes of this analysis is a better understanding of the way in which contemporary epistemology can be incorporated into the nascent discipline of web science (Berners-Lee et al., 2006).
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تاریخ انتشار 2015